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Automation Process for Power Management in Stand-Alone Photovoltaic System
Abstract
This paper is focused to the development of an automation process for managing the energy generated by stand-alone photovoltaic installations. The work not only includes the study and analysis of the proposed method, but also the design and manufacturing of a prototype that controls the process of energy transfer from the PV array to the load circuit. The design has been specifically developed for a dual inverter configuration that uses a high and a low power inverter, making the system to operate at optimum conditions under automatic turning process from one to another and vice versa depending on the operating conditions. A prototype has been built and tested to verify the validity of the process and the suitability of the design for stand-alone installations. The system takes into account all relevant parameters involved in the energy transfer from the PV panel, as well as the energy losses associated to the switching between inverters. The goal of the automation process is to optimize not only the operating efficiency of the panel, but also the global performance of the entire unit, so we can reduce the size of the PV array to supply energy to any specific load circuit. The performance of the new design has been evaluated and compared to that of the conventional configuration of single inverter unit. A theoretical approach has been used and applied to determine the efficiency of the single and dual inverter configuration. Experimental validation has been run for variable operating conditions simulating the real behavior of a stand-alone PV system; the results of the experimental tests have shown a very good correlation factor between theoretical approach and experimental results, proving that the system is well designed and that the applied protocol operates at high performance within maximum efficiency for the specific rated conditions. The use of the dual inverter system increases the global efficiency by 5%, from an initial value of 88.5% to 93.5%, on average. Maximum and standard deviation of experimental results from theoretical approach have been halved by the use of the new design, what indicates not only the validity of the proposed system and methodology, but also the quality of the results, The proposed methodology and prototype represents a very useful tool for PV array designers, manufacturers and users, and can save money and management time.
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