STATCOM in Power Systems: A Review

M. Ruhul Wara; A.H.M.A. Rahim

STATCOM in Power Systems: A Review

M. Ruhul Wara, A.H.M.A. Rahim

Abstract

This article presents a survey of the development of Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) technology and its applications in power industry. The study is based on research articles, manufacturers’ websites, magazines and also news reports. Recently completed and ongoing projects have been highlighted here to describe the application trend of STATCOM. Voltage support, transient stability, power transfer enhancing, power factor improvement, three phase voltage balancing, active filtering capabilities have been illustrated with relevant examples. The capability of STATCOM interfacing with energy storage-based solutions have been included here to visualize the future trend of this device.

Full Text:

PDF

References

Xu Z, Bian Z, Cheng B. An approach to the ultimate goal of power grid development—constant voltage operation. CSEE J Power Energy Syst. 2017;3(4, Dec):380–9. doi: 10.17775/CSEEJPES.2016.01770.

Spahic E, Frey K, Beck G, Hild V. Inertia in the system and first swing frequency-description and mitigation possibilities,” presented at the IEEE/PES Transmiss. and Distrib. Conf. and Expo. (T&D). Denver; 2018.

Bilgin HF, Ermis M. Design and implementation of a Current-Source Converter for use in industry applications of D-STATCOM. IEEE Trans Power Electron. Aug 2010;25(8):1943–57. doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2010.2043958.

Sumi Y et al. New static var control using force-commutated inverters. Power App Syst, vol IEEE, Trans. Sep 1981;9. PAS-100:4216–24.

Akedani T, Hayashi J, Temma K, Morishima N. 450MVA STATCOM installation plan for stability improvement. presented at the CIGRE 2010 Techniques Programming. Paris, France: Paper Publications; 2010. p. B4–207.

Vemulapati U et al. Recent advancements in IGCT technologies for high power electronics applications,” presented at the 17th Eur. Conf. Power electron. and Appl. (EPE’15 ECCE-Europe). Geneva, Switzerland, 2015.

Paramalingam J, Nakamura F, Matsuda A, Yamanaka D, Tsuchiya T. Application of FACTS devices for a dynamic power system within the USA, Int. Power Electron conference (IPEC-Niigata 2018-ECCE Asia), Niigata, Japan, 2018. p. 2329–34.

Li K et al. 35kV/±200Mvar transformerless STATCOM based on cascaded H-Bridge multilevel converter,” presented at the international conference Electroniese Machinability and Syst, Beijing, China, Aug 20–23, 2011; 2011.

Xu S et al. Application examples of STATCOM. In: Flexible AC Transmission systems (CIGRE green books), B. Andersen and S. Nilsson, Eds., Cham, Switzerland: Springer, pp. 511–584, 2020.

Iwane H et al. Planning and commissioning of 130 MVA GCT STATCOM for transient stability improvement, presented at the Proceeding of. Paris, France: CIGRE; 2016:Paper B4–206.

Oskoui et al. Holly STATCOM-FACTS to replace critical generation, operational experience. IEEE/PES transmiss. Distrib conference Exhib, Dallas, USA, 2006; 2005/2006. p. 1393–8.

First SVG of Liaoning Grid put into operation in Chaoyang. Available from: EN.RXPE.com [cited Jul 20, 2020]. Available from: http://en.rxpe.com/news/newsnr_579.html.

Xu X, Bishop M, Oikarinen DG, Lock O. Validation of a static VAr system model for a renewable project for grid code compliance,” presented at the IEEE PES Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Eng. Conf. APPEEC. Brisbane, QLD, Australia, 2015.

Orcajo GAA et al. Enhancement of power quality in an actual hot rolling mill plant through a STATCOM. IEEE Trans Ind Appl. May–Jun 2020;56(3):3238–49.

Musselwhite gold mine voltage support solution for expansion project. Switzerland: ABB [cited Jun 5, 2020]. Available from: https://library.e.abb.com/public/0fe7cf795a7552e783257e3b0052ad61/Goldcorp-Musslewhite-Gold-Mine_Power-Quality_Case-Study-CS.pdf.

Holmberg M, J-P, Hasler, Gole H. STATCOM for strong mitigation of flicker emanating from large EAF,” presented at the 8th GCC CIGRE Int. Conf., Muskat. 2012;A603(v):12–4.

Park J, Yeo S, Choi J. Development of ±400Mvar world largest MMC STATCOM. In: 21st international conference Electroniese Machinability and Syst (ICMES), Jeju, South Korea, pp; Oct 7–10, 2018. p. 2060–3.

STATCOM–Hybrid. HITACHIABB Powergrids.com [cited Aug 10, 2020]. Available from: https://www.hitachiabbpowergrids.comoffering/product-andsystem/facts/statcom/statcom-hybrid.

Pérez E, Rementeria S, Laka A. Hybrid STATCOM solutions in renewable systems, CIRED-Open Access Proc. J. Vol. 2017(1); Oct 2017. p. 705–9.

Lehmann M et al. Active filtering with large-scale STATCOM for the integration of offshore wind power,” presented at the 17th Int. Wind Integr. Workshop. Stockholm, Sweden; Oct 17–19, 2018.

Sullivan J, Buterbaugh BK, Allison RL. Installation and commissioning of Mitsubishi Electric’s MMC STATCOM (SVC DiamondTM) at Dominion Energy’s Colington substation,” presented at the 2018. Grid of the future symposium. Reston, VA: Paper Publications 2018–77, Oct. 28–31, 2018.

Burroughs J et al. Essex STATCOM life assessment and extension. Paris, France: CIGRE; 2016:Paper B4–205.

Han C et al. System integration and demonstration of a 4.5 MVA STATCOM based on Emitter Turn-Off (ETO) thyristor and cascade multilevel converter. In: 31st Annu conference of IEEE Ind Electronic Sociaal; Nov 6–10, 2005. p. 1329–34.

Global gate bipolar transistors STATCOM market research report 2020 by manufacturers, regions, types and applications. MENAFN.com [cited Jul 10, 2020]. Available from: https://menafn.com/1100419560/Global-Gate-Bipolar-Transistors-STATCOM-Market-Research-Report-2020-by-Manufacturers-Regions-Types-and-Applications.

Pereira M, Retzmann D, Lottes J, Wiesinger M, Wong G. SVC PLUS: an MMC STATCOM for network and grid access applications,” presented at the 2011. IEEE Trondheim PowerTech. Trondheim, Norway.

Datta S, Kolluri V, Leon JDD. Application of dynamic VAR (D-VAR) at Entergy’s Natchez station,” presented at the IEEE PES T&D. New Orleans; 2010.

Maxivar™ STATCOM. RXHK.

INGEGRIDTM STATCOM [cited Aug 10, 2020]. Available from: https://www.ingeteam.com/en-us/power-electronics/electrical-storage-facts-sssc/pc28_18_236/ingegrid-statcom.aspx.

Micro-STATCOM inverter for electrical grids. ID. Energy [cited Jul 10, 2020]. Available from: http://www.id.energy/micro-statcom/#tab-id-1.

Ausgrid to trial EcoVAR units. ECOJOULE.com. Available from: https://ecojoule.com/ausgrid-to-trial-ecovar-units/AccessedJul. Vol. 10; 2020.

McVey M, Niemann B, Paul D. Mobile STATCOM multi tool for transmission operations, construction and rapid restoration,” presented at the IEEE/PES Transmiss. and Distrib. Conf. and Expo. (T&D). Denver; Apr 16–19, 2018.

Lang P, Michel M, Wade N, Grünbaum R, Larsson T. Dynamic energy storage-Field operation experience,” presented at the IEEE Power & Energy Soc. General Meeting. Vancouver, BC, Canada; Jul 21–25, 2013.

Frey K, Garg M, Morgenstern R, Platt N, Spahic E. Provision of fast frequency response by SVC plus frequency stabilizer,” presented at the 15th IET Int. Conf. AC DC Power Transmiss. Coventry, UK: ACDC; Feb 5–7, 2019.

Ultracapacitor grid stabilizer (UGS). Available from: freqcon.com. Available from: https://www.freqcon.com/products/grid-storage/ultracapacitor-grid-stabilizer/AccessedJul. Vol. 20; 2020.

First SVG of Liaoning Grid put into operation in Chaoyang. Available from: EN.RXPE.com [cited Jul 20, 2020]. Available from: http://en.rxpe.com/news/newsnr_579.html.

Mozambique Nampula STATCOM project. Available from: RX-HUIKO.com [cited Jul 20, 2020]. Available from: http://www.rx-huiko.com/en/caseshow.php?cid=27&id=32.

Huang Q, Tan Y, Zhu S, Mao X. A High-efficiency air-cooling and waste heat utilization system for 100Mvar STATCOM. In: IEEE 3rd conference Energy Internet Energy Syst; 2019. Integr. (EI2). Changsha, China; Nov 8–10, 2019. p. 1075–8.

Langjiao M, Shuquan L. Engineering practice of ±200 Mvar STATCOM in 500 kV Shuixiang substation (in Chinese). High Voltage Apparatus. Jun 2015;51(6):47–52.

Rao H, Xu S, Zhao Y, Hong C, Wei W, Li X, Zhang J, Song Q. Research and application of multiple STATCOMs to improve the stability of AC/DC power systems in China Southern Grid. IET Gener Transmiss Distrib. Oct 2016;10(13):3111–8. doi: 10.1049/iet-gtd.2015.0675.

Xiao X, Zhang J, Gao B, Wu Y, Luo C, Guo C, Yang L. Simulation and study on mitigation measures of frequent subsynchronous oscillation with low amplitude at multi-power plants. Sci China Technol Sci. Jun 2013;56(6):1340–53. doi: 10.1007/s11431–013–5223–4.

HulunBuir power plant STATCOM. Available from: RX-HUIKO.com [cited Jul 20, 2020]. Available from: http://www.rx-huiko.com/en/caseshow.php?cid=27&id=36.

Izumi substation, Hokuriku Electric Power Company inauguration of STATCOM var Compensator. HITACHI.com [cited Aug 11, 2020]. Available from: https://www.hitachi.com/rev/archive/2017/r2017_04/eA01/index.html.

ABB pioneers new Statcom technology. modernpowersystems.com [cited Jul 20, 2020]. Available from: https://www.modernpowersystems.com/news/newsabb-pioneers-new-statcom-technology-7770815.

GE celebrates grid energization milestone of the largest and first-of-its-kind statcom scheme in Europe. GEGRIDSOLUTIONS.com [cited Jul 20, 2020]. Available from: https://www.gegridsolutions.com/press/gepress/ge_celebrates_grid_energization_milestone_of_largest_and_first-of-its-kind_statcom_scheme_in_europe.htm.

Kazimierczuk AH. Wind energy in Kenya: a status and policy framework review. Renew Sustain Energy Rev. Mar 2019;107:434–45. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2018.12.061.

Net capacity additions of renewable energy worldwide from 2000 to 2018. STATISTA.com. Available from: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1004700/global-renewable-capacity-additions/AccessedAug. Vol. 12; 2020.

STATCOM case study Punta Lima wind farm. Switzerland: ABB; Jul 20, 2020. Available from: https://library.e.abb.com/public/0e6037935f33cdb383257de0006d1c6d/Punta_Lima_Wind_Farm_STATCOM-CS.pdfAccessed.

PCS 6000 STATCOM. Switzerland: ABB [online] [cited Jul 20, 2020]. Available from: https://search.abb.com/library/Download.aspx?DocumentID=3BHS547738&LanguageCode=en&DocumentPartId=&Action=Launch.

Case story: DanTysk. Sweden: Comsys AB [online] [cited Jul 20, 2020]. Available from: https://comsys.se/ADF/en/case-stories/energy-sector/dantysk.html.

Case story: Ellevio wind farm. Sweden: Comsys AB [online] [cited Jul 20, 2020]. Available from: https://comsys.se/ADF/en/case-stories/energy-sector/kville-sweden.html.

PCS100 STATCOM-ABB helps one of the world’s largest wind turbine companies connect their wind turbines to the grid. Switzerland: ABB [online] [cited Aug 4, 2020]. Available from: https://library.e.abb.com/public/11eb1b434ae30116c1257ab60081bbf3/2UCD401157%20ABB%20and%20Vestas.pdf.

Case study: largest wind farm in Africa. Available from: EE.co.za [cited Jul 20, 2020]. Available from: https://www.ee.co.za/article/kenya-launches-africas-largest-wind-farm.html.

Schlegl T, Pilz G. Active Filtering of harmonic voltages or currents utilizing an MMC STATCOM Design Aspects and Performance Experience,” presented at the CIGRE Canada Conf. Montréal, QC, Canada: Paper Publications; Sep 16–19, 2019. p. 213.

Danish Company Ørsted contracts ABB to grid-connect world’s largest offshore wind farm. TDWORLD.com [cited Jul 20, 2020]. Available from: https://www.tdworld.com/renewables/article/20971455/danish-company-rsted-contracts-abb-to-gridconnect-worlds-largest-offshore-wind-farm.

ABB lands voltage stabilisation technology contract for east AngliaONE. ORBISENERGY.co.uk. Available from: https://www.orbisenergy.co.uk/news/abb-lands-voltage-stabilisation-technology-contract-east-anglia-one/AccessedJul. Vol. 20; 2020.

NEPCO approves 10Mvar STATCOM by jema for operation in Jordan. TDWORLD.com [cited Aug 4, 2020]. Available from: https://www.tdworld.com/digital-innovations/article/20966915/nepco-approves-10mvar-statcom-by-jema-for-operation-in-Jordan.

Park JS. Development and Design of ±100Mvar MMC STATCOM at NP Kunta substation in India,” presented at the CIGRE Session. Paris, France: Paper Publications; 2018. p. B4–307, Aug. 26–31, 2018.

Plantive E, Javerzac J-L, Courtois C, Poirrier J-P. Application of a 20 MVA STATCOM for voltage balancing and power active filtering of a 25 kV AC single-phase railway substation connected to the 90 kV grid in France. presented in CIGRE Session 2000. Paris, France: Paper Publications; 2000. p. A3/B4/C4–12.

South Africa Garona STATCOM Project, RX-HUIKO.com [cited Jul 20, 2020]. Available from: http://www.rx-huiko.com/en/caseshow.php?cid=27&id=31.

Grunbaum R. FACTS for power quality improvement in grids feeding high speed rail traction; 2007. IEEE. Int. Elect. Mach. & Drives Conf. Antalya, Turkey, pp. 618–23, May 3–5, 2007.

Grunbaum R, Hasler J-P, Larsson T, Meslay M. STATCOM to enhance power quality and security of rail traction supply,” presented at the 8th international symposium Advancement Electromechanical Motion Syst & Elect. Drives Joint symposium, Lille, France, Jul 1–3, 2009; 2009.

GE to provide National Grid with largest, most stable Utility STATCO Min Europe. GEGRID. SOLUTIONS.com [cited Jul 20, 2020]. Available from: https://www.gegridsolutions.com/press/gepress/ge_statcom_europe.htm.

Grünbaum R. STATCOM for flicker suppression from a steel plant connected to a weak 66 kV grid. In: The Power Electron conference, Sapporo, Japan, Jun 21–24, 2010; 2010 Int. p. 1773–9.

Reed GF et al. Application of a 5 MVA, 4.16 kV D-STATCOM system for voltage flicker compensation at Seattle iron and Metals. In: Power Eng. Soc. summer meeting. Seattle, Jul. 16–20, 2000; 2000. p. 1605–11.

Grid code compliance by mitigating flicker and voltage drop with a STATCOM in an Electric Arc Furnace, Merus Power, Finland [online] [cited Aug 3, 2020]. Available from: https://www.meruspower.fi/wp-ntent/uploads/2017/11/MP_Success-Story_Sukhoi-Log_Metal_STATCOM_1_EN.pdf.

Rozehnal P, Krejčí P. Power quality complaints and monitoring of flicker in selected areas of northern Moravia,” presented at the 18th Int. Sci. Conf. EPE. Kouty NAD Desnou. Czech Republic: Paper Publications 296, May 17–19, 2017.

Serbia Sirmium STATCOM project. RX-HUIKO. com [cited Jul 20, 2020]. Available from: http://www.rxhuiko.com/en/caseshow.php?cid=27&id=35.

Holmberg M, J-P, Hasler, Gole H. STATCOM for strong mitigation of flicker emanating from large EAF,” presented at the 8th GCC CIGRE Int. Conf., Muskat. 2012;A603(v):12–4.

GRÜNBAUM R, Hasler J-P, RASMUSSEN J. STATCOM for mitigation of flicker emanating from a large EAF,” presented at the 21st Int. Conf. Electr. Distrib. Frankfurt, Germany: Paper Publications; Jun 6–9, 2011. p. 0337.

Rodriguez JR, Pontt J, Newman P, Musalem R, Miranda H, Moran L, Alzamora G. Technical evaluation and practical experience of high-power grinding mill drives in mining applications. IEEE Trans on Ind Applicat. May–Jun 2005;41(3):866–74. doi: 10.1109/TIA.2005.847321.

Improving productivity and power quality at a gold mine with STATCOM solution [online]. News. RXHK.co.uk [cited Apr 17, 2014]. Available from: https://www.meruspower.fi/wpcontent/uploads/2017/11/MP_Successstory_Kibali_Mining_STATCOM_1_EN.pdf.

Rxhk.co.uk. (2020). News l RXHK. [online] Available at: https://www.rxhk.co.uk/corporate/news.

Compact mobile substation technology aids grid recovery. MODERNPOWERSYSTEMS.com. Available from: https://www.modernpowersystems.com/features/featurecompact-mobile-substation-technology-aids-grid-recovery-6990327/AccessedAug. Vol. 8; 2020.

NR delivered world’s first mobile STATCOM in Saudi Arabia. NREC.com [cited Aug 7, 2020]. Available from: http://www.nrec.com/en/index.php/about/newsInfo/28.html.