A Review on Multi-Area Load Frequency Control

Abstract

The operation of interconnected deregulated power system is totally based upon the balance between power generation and the load variation including system losses. Two variables of interest which are affected due to the sudden variation in load perturbation are system frequency and tie-line power. The approach of most of the researchers towards solving this problem has been to obtain the best method of controlling the governor action so that the system frequency and tie-power deviations are kept to a minimum. In the present dissertation work an effort is done to minimize the deviations in the load frequency and tie line power, caused due to sudden load perturbations in two-area electrical power systems. All practical cases like reheat turbine in thermal power plant, mechanical governor in hydro-power plant etc. are considered while designing the two area model used for research work in this dissertation. Two area are composed of one hydro power plant and one thermal power plant each. Then the integral controller is optimized using bacterial foraging optimization theory and it is shown that the optimal integral controller provides better dynamic performance than integral controller in terms of lesser settling time and peak overshoots.

Keywords: Load Frequency Control, DPM, GENCO, DISCO, Bacterial Foraging, Controller, Disturbance, Overshoots, Power, Ziegler-Nichols