International Journals Digital Communication and Analog Signals
International Journals Digital Communication and Analog Signals (IJDCAS) eISSN : 2455-0329 Click here for complete Editorial Board Scientific Journal Impact Factor (SJIF): 6.03 AIM AND SCOPE International Journals Digital Communication and Analog Signals (IJDCAS): The primary aim of this journal is to bridge the gap of scientific communication between various research facilities working in this discipline, the journal largely covers every major aspect of digital communication and analog signaling, it also focus on the recent advances in the processing circuits. Journal publish high quality peer-review articles and editorial reviews, however other forms of communication like short communication and unsolicited comprehensive review articles are also welcome.It's a biannual journal, started in 2015. Journal DOI No: 10.37628/IJDCAS Focus and Scope Cover • Frequency division multiplexing (FDM) • Time division multiplexing • Pulse code modulation • Quantization • Delta modulation • Voice and data integration • Baseband Transmission • Analogue processing circuits • Digital signal processing • Analog-to-digital converter • Magnetic tape and Magnetic recording All contributions to the journal are rigorously refereed and are selected on the basis of quality and originality of the work. The journal publishes the most significant new research papers or any other original contribution in the form of reviews and reports on new concepts in all areas pertaining to its scope and research being done in the world, thus ensuring its scientific priority and significance. Readership: Graduate, Postgraduate, Research Scholar, Faculties, Institutions. Indexing: The Journal is index in Journal TOC, Google Scholar, Crossref, Index Copernicus (ICV : 55.27) Submission of Paper: All contributions to the journal are rigorously refereed and are selected on the basis of quality and originality of the work. The journal publishes the most significant new research papers or any other original contribution in the form of reviews and reports on new concepts in all areas pertaining to its scope and research being done in the world, thus ensuring its scientific priority and significance. Manuscripts are invited from academicians, students, research scholars and faculties for publication consideration.Papers are accepted for editorial consideration through email electronics.editor@celnet.in Subject: Electronics and Telecommunication Plagiarism: All the articles will be check through Plagiarism Software before publication. Abbreviation: IJDCAS Frequency: Two issues per year EDITORIAL BOARD Peer Reviewed Policy Instructions to Authors
Leveraging IT to Promote Women's Entrepreneurship and Innovation
Women's business innovation is important for economic growth. However, women face problems accessing help. This report discusses the impact of Information Technology (IT) to aid women in running businesses. In recent years, there has been an increasing awareness of women's important roles in entrepreneurship and innovation around the world. Furthermore, IT plays a pivotal role in fostering innovation among women entrepreneurs. Access to online learning resources, coding boot camps, and entrepreneurship courses equips women with the skills and knowledge needed to launch and grow their ventures. Emerging technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), blockchain, and Internet of Things (IoT) present new opportunities for women to develop innovative solutions and disrupt traditional industries. IT can offer positive outcomes, like better access to resources, creating networks, achieving skills, and finding market opportunities. This study investigates the possibility for using information technology (IT) to solve these gaps and encourage women's entrepreneurship and creativity. We also touch on potential issues women might face taking advantage of IT and suggest ways to overcome these. IT supports women entrepreneurs. By exploring this, the report intends to give a clear insight into the benefits and drawbacks of IT as a tool for women in business.
Copyright (c) 2024 International Journals Digital Communication and Analog Signals
Virtual Reality and Its Contribution in Mediation and Psychological Treatment
Nowadays we are surrounded by blends of technologies, there is a rainbow of various technologies in our everyday lives. Increasingly these technologies are getting integrated to provide us with the best of abilities and services which are more efficient than in the past. Virtual Reality ear (computer generated reality) is a developing innovation that is winding up progressively common with time. Its uses for well-being and entertainment rehearses are underwhelming. Virtual reality works by tracking physical motions in the real world and redrawing the virtual world accordingly. The output of the modified virtual environment (to the real-world user). We guessed that because of the vivid impact of virtual reality, the officially found constructive outcomes of reflection will be intensified. Our exploratory outcomes did not bolster this. We found a huge decrease in pulse and circulatory strain after the routine with regard to non-virtual reality contemplation. Interestingly, just breath rate demonstrated a critical decrease after computer-generated experience contemplation. Be that as it may, since breath rate for virtual reality and non-computer-generated reality contemplation was not factually extraordinary.
Teachings of Bhagavad Gita through IoT (Internet of Things)
In the present paper, it has been observed that the youth of this world is entrapped in the net of the “Material World” which is fully based on the system of the Receiver’s personal end. Most of them seek physical facilities to satisfy their senses. Most of their decisions are dubious and incorrect! which, in the end, resulted in the obliteration of this planet and the depletion of human values. It has been seen that Many people seem to believe that the Bhagavad Gita is a religious book/text but, it is the way of life. It needs to get wider public acceptance. In the present paper, Bhagavad Gita, Lord Krishna's Universal teachings, is being attempted to be preached with the help of the Internet of Things (IoT). we embark on an innovative journey to bridge the wisdom of the Bhagavad Gita, as imparted by Lord Krishna, with the modern era's technological marvels, specifically the Internet of Things (IoT). By leveraging the power of IoT, we aim to disseminate the timeless teachings of the Bhagavad Gita to a global audience. This fusion of ancient wisdom and cutting-edge technology has the potential to not only preserve and promote essential human values but also usher in a harmonious coexistence between humanity and the planet we call home. In doing so, we aim to catalyze a positive shift away from the relentless pursuit of materialism and towards a more balanced, sustainable, and spiritually enriched way of life.
Development of SpendWise Website: A Website to Tracks your Expenses
The SpendWise platform has been developed to aid individuals in maintaining an electronic record of their monthly expenditures. The software provides users with the capability to monitor their monthly expenditures and analyze their spending patterns based on several categories. By utilizing this software, individuals could monitor and record their monthly expenditures. The application facilitates adherence to budgetary constraints by offering consumers a comprehensive overview of their expenditures. Diagrams were used during the application development process. Following development, the application was built using Java and MySQL. The program generates a monthly report that presents the expenses in a graphical representation. To enhance customers' comprehension of their expenditure patterns, the website additionally has a distinctive feature that classifies the incurred costs. The program additionally provides a user-accessible spending history that can be accessed at any given moment. The spendWise program enables users to effectively manage their expenses and make informed financial choices, leading to enhanced cost control and improved decision-making.
Analyzing A Public Opinion towards Recent Trends of Advertising: A Literature Review
This literature study aims to analyze the ever-changing landscape of public opinion toward advertising and its recent trends, including several elements that impact individual perceptions and preferences. This writing provides a comprehensive analysis of the complex interplay of the general population, media outlets, and the advertising sector. This literature analysis examines the influence of emerging technology, ethical considerations, the significance of cultural diversity, and the evolving notion of consumer empowerment within the developing advertising domain. The findings of the study highlight the need to protect individual privacy, the potential impact of utilizing social media and celebrity endorsements in advertising campaigns, the persuasive influence of comedy and nostalgia, and the crucial role that trust plays in the effectiveness of advertisements. The research highlights the significance of strategic placement of advertisements and the implementation of advertising tactics that are sensitive to gender. In the context of a more varied global society, the recognition of inclusion as a crucial approach in advertising campaigns has emerged as a strategic imperative for effectively engaging a wider and more receptive target audience.
TCP Security Action Prediction Algorithm based on Machine Learning: A Review
The growing range of applications available on the Internet and continuous technological improvements have led to an increase in network security incidents and cyber-attacks. Consequently, computer network security is becoming more and more important. Network security can be allowed or prohibited by a TCP firewall; a device used for computer network security. When utilising classic firewalls, network managers must periodically choose which packets to admit and prohibit to keep computer networks secure. However, due to the vast amount of data on the internet, network managers have an extremely difficult duty. Consequently, it is imperative to use computer technology and machine learning to overcome this problem.
Copyright (c) 2023 International Journals Digital Communication and Analog Signals
Digital Voting System: A New Approach towards Election
In this paper we have researched an online voting system but in a different approach. We used weightage to one’s vote where every voter will not have equal value of his vote, we read the introduction, research objectives, methodology, procedure, and result of the research. This kind of research is speculative. A digital platform known as a "online voting system" enables users to cast ballots online using an electronic device. It typically involves a web-based interface that guides users through the voting process and uses encryption and security protocols to ensure the integrity and confidentiality of the votes. Online voting systems are still in the experimental phase and have not been widely adopted due to concerns about security, privacy, and accessibility.
Semantic Segmentation for Object Detection in Videos using Mask RCNN
The segmentation of object instances is an essential step in real-time video detection. Object detection is the problem of detecting the information of all types of items in an image by designating their location with a rectangular box. Using its remarkable feature-learning capabilities, deep learning promotes object detection research. Numerous researchers have utilised various machine learning algorithms for object detection and have focused on enhancing the accuracy of feature extraction. Due to this inaccuracy that occurred during the detection of the object at a lower level, neither the lower-level nor higher-level features are presented appropriately. FPN is utilised for feature extraction, which extracts both lower-level and higher-level features for reliable object recognition, and the proposed model takes advantage of these extracted characteristics handles the classification process (Mask R-CNN). This paper aims to develop a persuasive framework for instance divides.
E-Invoicing: A Comprehensive Solution For Small Business Owners
Digital invoicing is a payment processing method that has gained popularity among businesses due to its convenience and efficiency. This method allows businesses to receive payment quickly and securely without the inconvenience of handling paper bills and check payments. By leveraging digital invoices, bill delivery and payment processing can occur entirely online, thus enhancing operational efficiency and minimizing costs. One of the key advantages of digital invoices is their ability to offer businesses an option to present invoices in electronic formats such as PDF or on websites. This allows customers to review invoices before making payments, thus increasing transparency and improving customer satisfaction. Furthermore, digital invoices can be customized to include branding and other relevant information, which can help reinforce the business's brand identity and improve recognition.
Cyber Security: An Attack, Threat, Vulnerability
The broad focus of this study is on an attack on, a risk to, and flaws in the digital foundation, which includes organisations, undertaking organisations, intranets, and their use of digital disruptions. To accomplish this goal, the paper endeavors to make sense of the significance g in network interruptions and digital robbery. Additionally, the reasons behind the rapid growth of cybercrime are examined in unique detail. The paper likewise incorporates a total depiction and meaning of digital protection, the job it plays in network interruption and digital perceive burglary, a conversation of the purposes behind the ascent in cybercrime and their effect. In shutting the creators suggest a few preventive measures and potential answers for the assault, dangers and weaknesses of network safety. The paper presumes that while innovation plays a part to play in lessening the effect of digital assaults, the weakness lives with human way of behaving and mental inclinations. While writing upholds the risks of mental susceptibilities in digital assaults interest in authoritative training efforts offer confidence that digital assaults can be decreased.
Streamlining Healthcare Operations- Exploring MedBed, an Advanced Hospital Management System
MedBed is a hospital management system that runs on the web, aiming to optimize hospital operations, enhance productivity, and elevate the quality of patient care. Its interface is user-friendly and empowers medical personnel to manage patient information, book appointments, maintain electronic health records, track inventory, and manage billing. In this article, we will delve into the creation and deployment of the MedBed system, emphasizing its crucial aspects and advantages. Additionally, we will evaluate the system's performance and effectiveness in enhancing hospital operations. Medbed is a healthcare management system designed to streamline and optimize the medical care process. Medbed offers a wide range of features that enable healthcare professionals to manage patient data, schedule appointments, and communicate with patients efficiently. This paper provides an overview of Medbed's features, architecture, and implementation, as well as its potential applications in healthcare organizations.
Harnessing the Power of Information Technology in Libraries
In an age characterized by rapid technological advancements and an ever-growing volume of digital information, libraries face the imperative to adapt and harness the power of information technology to remain relevant and fulfill their mission as information hubs. This abstract explores the transformative impact of information technology on libraries, highlighting key themes and challenges in this dynamic landscape. Libraries have evolved from traditional repositories of print materials into dynamic digital spaces where information is accessed, curated, and disseminated through sophisticated IT systems. Information technology integration has produced several noteworthy developments, including: 1. Digital collections: Libraries now offer extensive digital collections, encompassing e-books, academic journals, multimedia resources, and archival materials, making information more accessible to patrons worldwide. 2. Online Catalogs: Traditional card catalogs have been replaced by user-friendly online catalogs, improving search ability and discovery of materials within library collections. 3. Library Management Systems: Modern library management systems streamline administrative tasks, enhancing the efficiency of acquisitions, cataloging, circulation, and patron management. 4. Remote Access: Information technology enables remote access to library resources, facilitating learning, research, and collaboration beyond physical library boundaries. 5. Data Analytics: Libraries leverage data analytics to better understand user behavior, tailor services, and make data-driven decisions, thus improving overall library performance. 6. Digital Preservation: IT tools and strategies are employed to ensure the long-term preservation of digital collections, safeguarding cultural heritage for future generations. Despite these positive transformational effects, libraries nevertheless encounter many difficulties in utilizing information technology. These include problems with financial limitations, the digital divide, data privacy, cyber security, and the ongoing requirement for employee development. Libraries must also contend with changing user tastes and expectations in the digital age. In conclusion, a new era of creativity and accessibility has begun because of the integration of information technology into libraries. In addition to improving their services, libraries that successfully adopt these technological innovations establish themselves as essential sources of knowledge in an increasingly digital society. Libraries must maintain their agility, commitment to their mission, and responsiveness to the changing requirements of their varied user base to negotiate difficulties and take advantage of the opportunities given by information technology.
Implementation of IoT-based AI-assistant for Home Automation
Smart devices have been an essential part of our daily lives for a few years now. As a result, providing amenities and security is becoming increasingly crucial on smart gadgets. This article aims to build an Android mobile device compatible home automation system. The system and mobile devices can communicate with one another thanks to Wi-Fi. Recent research examines IoT-based smart home automation. The mobile application can be loaded and used on any compatible device to communicate with the system. Via a simple and appealing GUI application that is easy to use for the typical user, commands to turn on/off electrical equipment, such as lights, fans, and air conditioners, as well as set timers, may be sent quickly and easily from mobile devices.
Improved Communication Security and Enhance Reliability Using Cryptography and Steganography
Increased use of technologies and computers has profited humans in many ways but also have resulted in various security concerns. And these security concerns are breached onto the path over which the data is to be transferred. Sending normal messages over the Internet is no longer a secure method for data sharing. In this paper, we have determined how can we provide an encrypted message so that there will be no fear of data Integrity, Confidentiality, etc. The way of propagation of the data or the thing can be in any form such as sound, video, text message, audio, etc, but here we have focused on text messages. This project first sends the message which is taken in the text format and then that text data is encrypted by using some cryptographic techniques. Then the encrypted message or the data that has been encrypted using the cryptographic technique is embedded in the image form by using some of the steganographic techniques. Now whatever image we have taken up can be sent over the internet for transferring any hidden message or confidential message to the person. After that, we can decode it on the other side. We have also performed some comparison based studies by using some set of algorithms by comparing cryptographic and steganographic techniques. As focusing on security purposes, the combination of steganography with cryptography improves communication security and enhances reliability by encrypting the commencing message and hiding the same message. There are important tools that help utterly in cybersecurity. This paper comprises various algorithms used such as RSA, AES, DES, DCT, OTP, etc. These are the algorithms of symmetric, asymmetric cryptography, and steganography.
Security of the message is more crucial and significant since the majority of real-time applications employ digital communication. One such method that can be used to conceal the information is steganography. Steganography is the method of hiding secret information such as image, text, audio in a carrier file such as Audio File, Video file or Image. Audio Steganography is preferred over other cover files due to its large redundancy. In this paper, we have made an attempt in studying research based on audio steganographic techniques. Different types of audio steganography have been compared and analysed.
ANALYSIS OF OPTICAL NETWORK SIMULATOR FOR RING TOPOLOGY
Optical Networks are limited and often hard to configure. One method to overcoming these limitations is to use optical network simulators for extending networks. We modifying the simulation software and the best design of an optical network using one of the best simulations which are called Optisystem software. In this paper, we created the Wavelength Division Multiplexer (WDM) internal circuit in the Optisystem simulator for knowing how it works individually and after that, we created a ring topology using Add-Drop Wave Division Multiplexer as a node of ring topology. How the transmission and reception are done in ring topology in response times, type of signal coding, and spectral width of the light source are affected by the performance of the optical fiber communication such as cable length, data rate, etc
Copyright (c) 2022 International Journals Digital Communication and Analog Signals
House Price Prediction using Machine Learning Algorithms
House Prices depend on various factors such as location, features of the house, construction and so on. To factor all these aspects and predict an accurate price of the house can be very tricky. The following paper proposes a system that considers every aspect of a house that effects its pricing and gives an accurate prediction of the house. The system accomplishes this utilising Gradient Boosting, Random Forest, and Decision Tree algorithms. A real time dataset with complete information regarding every single house in the area is used to help give an accurate prediction and minimize the error in the system. The system can be optimized without making changes in the core of it. The system is flexible and not solely dependent on one algorithm but on different algorithms.
Nowadays, the need for vehicle parking is increasing day by day and has turned into an important issue. Car owners and drivers in India are still struggling with fuel waste and time waste and finding when and where we need to park our car which needs a good amount of lighting due to the usage of a manual vehicle parking system. Also, when there is no special system in place, chaos occurs in parking spaces as damage will be incurred to vehicles while cars are going in or out of the parking space. So, a new car parking system has been introduced to tackle these problems. Hence, this research looks into smart parking methods to find and book the proper parking space efficiently
Amplitude Characteristics of Strong Ground Motion Accelerograms - A Review
This literature review discusses the characteristics of the strong ground motion accelerograms. The characteristics of accelerograms are essential to understand the basic loading pattern of the earthquake forces on the structure. Data from the KiK-net digital borehole accelerograph arrays in Japan are used to investigate the duration, total power, rms amplitude, and peak ground acceleration (PGA) of three significant earthquakes. We look into relationships among duration, PGA on the surface, hypo central distance, instrumental seismic intensity, and site-specific factors. This article also examines the relationship between length and PGA. This paper reviews the amplitude characteristics namely the peak ground acceleration, peak ground velocity and peak ground displacement, and duration parameters namely the significant duration and the bracketed duration
Design & Simulation of LNA in 90nm CMOS Technology for Radio Receiver using the Cadence Simulation Tool
Due to its successful operation in the 2.4 GHz frequency region, often known as the ISM (Industrial, Scientific, and Medical) band, RFICs play a vital role in communication systems. The major parts being used transceivers for frequency translation & amplification are LNA and Mixers. Different types of mixers and LNAs are employed, and different strategies are used to optimize them. In this paper an approach for design and simulation of cascode LNA is discussed to increase to efficiency & Radio Frequency (RF) performance of LNA. More emphasis is put here on the optimization of design. The LNA parameters show how the amplifier is going to work for the proposed design. A low noise amplifier simulated in 90nm CMOS technology. The proposed cascode LNA consists of two transistors. It exhibits 2.5-dB noise figure and 23-dB gain at 2.4 GHz while consuming only 44 nW, this results are confirmed after post layout simulations. These straightforward and analytical conclusions are particularly important since they may be used not only to build CMOS LNA circuits, and to characterise and diagnose them, whether functional prototypes or built. The Communication System's core building block or key component is a Low Noise Amplifier. Any radio receiver is made up of a Low Noise Amplifier, a mixer, and a Filter (Power Efficient Active Filter), with the LNA playing a critical part in the circuit as an amplifier.
A Hybrid BPS-DCT Based Digital Image Watermarking Technique
In this paper a hybrid algorithm using Bit Plane Slicing (BPS) and Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) for digital image watermarking is proposed. There are two main requirements for digital image watermarking: imperceptibility and robustness. Imperceptibility is measured by Peak Signal to Noise Ratio and robustness is obtained by correlation between original and extracted watermark image. In this algorithm an image and watermark is first sliced into its bit planes using BPS. After this DCT of LSB and first bit planes of both the images i.e. watermark image and original image is taken. Now these two images are embedded using watermarking algorithm. Simulation results are presented for various attacks such as salt and pepper noise, filtering, enhancement, compression etc. The algorithm was implemented in MATLAB 2010b. The performance is compared with NEA algorithm and Cox’s modified algorithm. It was observed that PSNR of proposed algorithm was higher than NEA and Cox’s modified algorithm and MSE is less than these two algorithms.
Hamming Coded Watermarking for Image Authentication and Evaluation by Image Transmission using Digital Modulation Schemes
Proposed watermarking scheme for image authentication and tampered detection. Here, image encoded with a message is generated, after embedding watermark symbol within a colour cover image. The message information is converted to hexadecimal values from its ASCII representation. To encode this and embed the watermark, (7, 4) Hamming code is used. These bits will be divided into 7-bit blocks which will spread across the width of the image. The proposed scheme decodes the encoded message successfully from watermarked image. The authentication has been tested using transmission of watermarked image over AWGN channel using BPSK, DPSK and ASK modulation schemes with convolutional encoders. Experimental results show that the watermark extraction achieves 100% accuracy over 9 dB SNR value for the said modulation schemes.
Design and Simulation of UART Communication Module using Different Approach
Various Microcontrollers, microprocessors, and many other devices used different types of communication methods to send and receive data. For this purpose, they used different types of communication protocols according to their requirement. UART stands for Universal Asynchronous Receiver and Transmitter is a serial communication protocol that is ideal to be used between short distances for transmitting and receiving data where cost needs to be reduced by trading off with speed. This paper is focused on the design of the UART module which includes a Baud Rate Generator, Receiver, and Transmitter. The HDL code for design is written in Verilog HDL. The Synthesis and Simulation of the design were done in Xilinx Vivado 2020.2.
The algorithmic steps involved in the Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm are as follows: Ant, Bee, GA, PSO, Ant-GA, Ant-PSO, Ant-Bee, GA-PSO, Bee-GA, Bee-PSO are the various optimization techniques used in packet delivery between networks. Routing is the process of transporting data from a source to a destination in a network. The simulation time and throughput determine the output of these algorithms. The experiments are carried out using the NS2 software platform, which is built on the fundamentals of C, C++, and TCL Scripting Language. The algorithm’s results revealed that the GA-PSO performs significantly better than the other algorithms in terms of packet delivery between networks
High frequency design approach and feasibility study of HBT based W-band (90.0GHz-100.0GHz) amplifier using 130nm SiGe based BiCMOS technology
This paper present high frequency design approach and feasibility study of HBT (Hetero Junction Bipolar Transistor) based two stage cascode amplifiers at W-band (90.0GHz-100.0GHz). The proposed amplifier has design using 130nm SiGe based BiCMOS technology. This paper used low cost technology for designing of w-band amplifier and this is novelty of this paper. The schematic design and feasibility study has been carried out using Cadence software. The selection of active device, input and output matching and impacts of passive components have been analyzed for designing of amplifier at W-band frequency range. The schematic designed two stage amplifier achieved +18.794±2.0dB of small signal gain, better than - 15dB of input return loss and better than -8.0dB of output return loss in simulation. This amplifier achieved +5.93dBm of linear output power (+1 dB compression output power (P1 dB)) and +8.14dBm of saturated output power in simulation at 95GHz. This amplifier achieved less than +7% of %THD (Total Harmonic distortion). This schematic design amplifier includes the effect of all pads and bond wires of both stages of amplifier. The total current consumption of two stage amplifier has only 30.0mA with supply voltage of 3.3volt.
Weighted Fair Queuing in Wireless Networks
Due to the rapid growth of wireless data services, the issues of providing different quality of services and fair channel access have become more and more crucial. In wireless networks, there are many mature fair queuing algorithms that can provide fairness and bounded delay properties. However, they cannot be directly applied to wireless networks because of the bursty and location-dependent error characteristics of wireless channels. So many fair queuing algorithms designed for wireless networks are proposed. In this paper, we introduce the concept of fair queuing and Weighted Fair Queuing (WFQ) in wireline networks. We have discuss the problems and difficulties to apply them to wireless networks, and provide a comprehensive survey of recent research on wireless fair queuing algorithms.
Performance Analysis of BER and SNR of BPSK in AWGN Channel
Modulation of digital signals has also been a challenge for decades in the communication industries, despite its higher advantage over the analogue method of modulations. The digital techniques still face the same attenuation issue which is also known as bit error rate distortion. In other words, the BPSK has been one of the easiest and better option when it comes to choosing a modulation method because if it low bit error rates over the others. In this research work Bit Error Rate performance of BPSK modulation over AWGN channel is analyzed. Both AWGN channels are used to simulate BPSK signals. The simulation results show that the simulated bit error rate for BPSK modulation is in good agreement with the theoretical bit error rate. Lastly the BPSK performance was compared to DBPSK and QPSK with a MATLAB/SIMULINK result which shows that the BPSK has a lower better BER performance of 0.05663 over QPSK and DPSK.
Efficient Implementation of the AES Using FPGA
Rijndael encryption, developed by Joan Daemen and Vincent Rijmen and recently designated as the official Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), is well suited for hardware use.A few articles discuss the practical structures of ASIC and FPGA (FPGAs). This study proposes an effective way to integrate Rijndael encryption and encoding into a single FPGA architecture with minimal space constraints. The proposed project is equivalent to the smallest Xilinx FPGA, manages 208 Mbps data transmission, uses 163 pieces and three blocks of RAM, and exceeds similarly well-known designs by 68 percent according to the Phryput / Area rating. This paper also includes coarisons with other FPGA families' DES, tripleDES, and AES implementations (such as the Xilinx Virtex-II).
Utility of Wi-Fi SoC in Hydroponics for Assistive Technology
This paper is a cumulative effort towards building a smart Monitoring system for Hydroponics farms. This system will ease out the monitoring process for the stakeholders as hydroponics is very sensitive process and it require proper monitoring because even if one of its nutrient will increase or go in deficit it will lead to crop failure, so this system will measure each of the affecting parameter via sensors and send its data to ESP8266 module it will then send it to the server of its default app and all data will be displayed on the app and hence stakeholders can easily monitor the changes and hence neutralised the changes.
Copyright (c) 2021 International Journals Digital Communication and Analog Signals
Performance Comparison of Handwritten Digit Recognition Using Machine Learning Techniques
Handwritten pattern, character and digit recognition has always been the most demanding and interesting fields of image processing. The objective of this work is representing and demonstrating the algorithms which are used to recognize handwritten digits. Recognition of handwritten digits has always a bit complex, but it is mostly used in various day-to-day applications. In the task of recognition, the digits are not correctly or accurately scripted or written as they vary in size, shape and other features which causes the extraction process of features and the segmentation process of handwritten digits to be challenging. The MNIST database is used as the database for the handwritten digit recognition. The work involves testing and training the dataset and feature extraction and classification. The horizontal and vertical projection techniques are used for segmentation in the proposed work. Hog features are used in this paper for SVM. SVM and CNN models are developed during training phase. MNIST database is used to train the model. SVM and CNN are used to recognize the handwritten digit. Accuracy of the both methods are compared.
Implementation of Standalone Photovoltaic Water Pumping System Employing Four Switch BLDC Drive and KY DC-DC Converter
Solar based mostly water pumping system is obtaining a broad thought, since solar power is found to be the simplest resolution for the prevailing typical energy resources. Furthermore, solar PV (Photovoltaic) fed water pumping is favored technique among the remote regions for various applications. In this paper KY based mostly DC-DC device fed water pumping system with BLDC (Brushless DC motor) is proposed. Voltage ripple reduction is one among the most benefits of KY converter with a high transient response. For trailing the most power underneath numerous irradiation conditions P &amp; O Perturb and Observe) primarily based MPPT (Maximum electrical outlet Technique) technique is utilized by varied the duty magnitude relation of KY device. Rather than six switch VSI (Voltage supply Inverter), four switch VSI is utilized, wherever price saving is accomplished by decreasing the amount of electrical converter power switches. A BLDC motor is connected to drive the pump, since its advantageous feature whereas connecting to it of PV generator. Keywords: KY Converter, Four switch VSI, BLDC motor, MPPT Cite this Article: Thrishna Jayaraj. Implementation of Standalone Photovoltaic Water Pumping System Employing Four Switch BLDC Drive and KY DC-DC Converter. International Journal Digital Communication and Analog Signals. 2020; 6(2): 28–40p.
Copyright (c) 2020 International Journals Digital Communication and Analog Signals
A Review on Different Single Electron Devices and Their Comparative Study
Single Electron Devices being one of the nanodevices offers reduced feature size and low power consumption along with unique characteristics. The principle of operation is established upon the quantum mechanical tunneling of a single or few electrons for device switching between conducting and non-conducting state. The present work is a detailed survey on the different Single Electron Devices such as Single Electron Box, Double Tunnel Junction, Single Electron Transistor and Single Electron Turnstile. An overall comparative study of them is also furnished here as a fragment of the study. Keywords: Single Electron Box; Double Tunnel Junction; Single electron transistor; Single Electron Turnstile. Cite this Article: Bidisha Das, Riya Bandyopadhyay, Anamika Saha, Promit Das, Arpita Ghosh. A Review on Different Single Electron Devices and Their Comparative Study. International Journal Digital Communication and Analog Signals. 2020; 6(2): 21–27p.
Wireless Sensor Network for Air Pollution Monitoring using Zigbee
The environment plays an important role to maintain a good health of not only society but industry also. Various parameters affect the environment directly and indirectly and so the human beings. Air pollution, fire detection, leakage detection, health monitoring etc are some of the application where the wireless sensors network is being used as real time monitoring and controlling station. Air contains a lot of gases, which are not safe for the human beings. Hence an air pollution motoring wireless sensor network is very much essential which can detect and alarm the level of air pollution if it exceeds the limits. This paper presents the work carried out for the development of wireless sensor network which is able to continuously monitor the environment for various parameters such as temperature, humidity and CO2 level. An ideal air pollution monitoring system should be accurate, reliable, and cost effective which can be handled easily. Zigbee module is used as wireless communication protocol standard. The hardware is designed and results are shown on computer. Keywords: Wireless sensor network, real time monitoring of sensors, air pollution, Zigbee, Arduino, IEEE standard, DHT11 Sensor, MQ gas sensor. Cite this Article: Ajay Chaturvedi, Laxmi Shrivastava. Wireless Sensor Network for Air Pollution Monitoring using Zigbee. International Journal Digital Communication and Analog Signals. 2020; 6(2): 14–20p.
An Adaptable Window Function Utilization in Fir Low-Pass Filter Formation
In paper, an adaptable window function is recommended so that its spectral characteristics can be modulated and the structure of window can be regulated. In this paper, the spectral characteristics of intended window has been observed and then compared with hamming window, Gaussian window and Kaiser window. It has been observed that intended window obtains superior outcomes than hamming window, Kaiser window and Gaussian window. In an additional for application purpose, the intended window simulation result shows that the filter formed by using recommended window has been observed for better response than Kaiser window. Keywords: Recommended window function, FIR low-pass filter, window shape and spectral parameters of window. Cite this Article: Gunjanpara, Awadheshgupta, Karunamarkam. An Adaptable Window Function Utilization in Fir Low-Pass Filter Formation. International Journal Digital Communication and Analog Signals. 2020; 6(2): 6–13p.
Building Movie Recommendation System using Clustering, Collaborative Filtering, Matrix Factorization and improving the accuracy of the system by incorporating Opinion Mining
Recommendation systems is a part of information filtering system which are gaining tremendous popularity and are one of the most used systems these days because of their ability to make suitable predictions depending upon the user’s requirements. A recommendation system is a system that predicts the rating, preference or reviews that a user would give to a particular item. They are used in a variety of fields including movies, music, books, news, and online shopping . When users face problems like information overload or when they are not able to describe what they exactly want, majority of time is wasted deciding what to watch. This is where recommendation systems come handy. They ease the task of deciding what to watch by predicting movies based on the user’s previously watched movies and ratings. They reduce time spent on deciding what to watch and provide the user a variety of options to choose from, according to his/her liking. Regrettably traditional recommendation system algorithms like collaborative filtering faces the problem of cold start and also may lead to substandard recommendation when user ratings of items are very sparse in comparison with the huge number of users and items .To overcome this problem in this research paper, we are trying to incorporate opinion mining which will help further to achieve better performance of recommender system. Keywords: Collaborative Filtering (CF), Clustering, K-means Clustering, Matrix Factorization, Opinion Mining, Ratings and Reviews, Recommender System. Cite this Article: Rudresh Zodge, Supriya Mohite, Jayma Jagadeeswaran , Batul Kachwala, Sourabh Landge. Building Movie Recommendation System using Clustering, Collaborative Filtering, Matrix Factorization and improving the accuracy of the system by incorporating Opinion Mining. International Journal Digital Communication and Analog Signals. 2020; 6(2): 1–5p.
ABSTRACT Air pollution affects our day to day life and the quality of our livelihood. It destroys the ecosystem and the quality of life on the planet. We need to monitor air quality which is very glaring due to the increased industrial activities over the past years. People need to know the limit of their activities which affect the air quality. This project is all about an air pollution monitoring system. The system was established by employing the Arduino microcontroller. The system was designed to monitor and analyze the air quality. Air quality measurements were taken based on the parts per million (PPM). The result was displayed on the designed hardware’s display interface and could be accessed on any smart mobile device. Keywords: air pollution, ESP8266, Arduino, sensors, monitoring system Cite this Article: Shubham Sharma, Shreya Agarwal, Anmol Gupta, Anurag Nagar, Himani Garg. Portable Air Quality Monitoring System. International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog Signals. 2020; 6(1): 13–18p.
HIGHLY SECURED DATA COMMUNICATION USING HYBRID PHOTO FINGERPRINT AND DIFFIE –HELLMAN APPROACH
The proposed work takes the concept of the fingerprint and the photo for the registration phase and generates the password using the MD5 hash algorithm with the variation done using the length of the user name and length of the email id. When sending the data the joint key is generated using SHA algorithm on the private keys or passwords of the sender and receiver.
Review on EMD Watermarking Technique using QIM Modulation
ABSTRACT With the development of internet, piracy has become a big issue for developers. The hard work of developers is copied and distributed freely on the internet. To stop this piracy, watermarking techniques can be used. In audio watermarking, a watermark logo is embedded inside an audio signal and it is made sure that this logo must be inaudible. In this way, audio can be distributed, and a piracy can be found by using watermarking extraction algorithm. EMD (Empirical Mode Decomposition) is very famous technique which can be used for watermarking. EMD converts the audio signal into multiple parts called IMFs (Intrinsic Mode Function) and the logo can be hidinginside the last IMF. Another technique QIM is used with EMD for modulation of the audio signal. EMD with QIM (Quantization Index Modulation)is found very effective for watermarking. In this paper, the complete EMD and QIM techniques are discussed with the performance parameters to find the quality of watermarking. Keywords: audio watermarking, EMD (empirical mode decomposition), IMF (intrinsic mode function), QIM (quantization index modulation), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) Cite this Article: Jyotin Prakash. Review on EMD Watermarking Technique using QIM Modulation. International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog Signals. 2020; 6(1): 30–35p.
Bluetooth Technology for Detecting the Quality of Water
Water quality monitoring system can measure various parameters of water quality, such as temperature, pH, conductivity and the turbidity. These parameters are used to detect water contaminants. The traditional technique of scanning the water high-quality is to accumulate tests of water manually and transport to the lab to check and examine. This approach is time consuming, wastage of man energy and no longer most economical. The water quality measuring gadget that we've implemented checks the high-quality of water in real time via diverse sensors to scale the quality of water.
Review Paper on Load Sensing Seat with Light and Fan Control
ABSTRACT The Project ‘Load Sensing Seat with Light and Fan Control using ATmega8 microcontroller'. We use two parts in this project includes Load cell and ATmega8 microcontroller. A load cell is used to control a fan using the ATmega8 microcontroller. Load cell that is embedded into seats to detect if the human is sitting on it. The load cell will give the signal to the hx711 load cell amplifier which gives the signal to the microcontroller. We use the ATmega8 microcontroller for processing of the signal. The hx711 load cell amplifier transmits a signal to the microcontroller. ATmega8 integrates a complete 16 GHz RF transceiver. We use microcontroller instead of Arduino because of the Arduino is that its resolution is only 10 bit, but we are expecting a very high resolution for a less than 10 USD Microcontroller. Furthermore, we can add modules to increase the resolution up to 16 bits for 15 USD. The main advantage is its reduced cost and its modular capabilities. We use a relay to switch the voltage from 5 V to 230 V to give power supply for fan and light. People usually forget to switch off light and fans after their use. This leads to power wastage. This method puts forward to provide automated services to the seats of buses and trains and at the same time avoiding any unnecessary power usage. Keywords: ATmega, RF, HX711, microcontroller, load cell, amplifier Cite this Article: Abhishek Soni, Ankit Sharma, Prateek Dubey, Anjana Bhardwaj. Review Paper on Load Sensing Seat with Light and Fan Control. International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog Signals. 2020; 6(1): 24–29p.
Biometric Fingerprinting and Face Recognition Based Security System
ABSTRACT There are several applications of biometric and face recognition based security system like industries, offices and colleges or homes. This project is an amalgamation of “BT” and “ESD”. The most important part of this system is the fingerprint sensor. Fingerprints of the person is detected using biometric sensor to detect fingerprint. The techniques used for detecting fingerprint are ultrasonic, optical method or thermal. In this paper, fingerprint sensor is used. The blocks of the proposed system are microcontroller, fingerprint module, keypad, LCD display and the python language are used for programming. The fingerprint module is used where the user will have to place finger on the optical sensor. The uniqueness of the fingerprint and face recognition part provides the system high level security than other security systems. Main advantage of a biometric system is that it does not change or get lost with respect to time. Many body parts, personal characteristics and imaging methods have been used for biometric systems such as fingers, hands, feet, eyes, ears and nose. Keywords: liquid crystal display (LCD), biometric technology (BT), biometric pattern (BP) Cite this Article: Shikha Rohilla, Swati Rana, Stuti Mehrotra, Sanya Aggarwal, Mudit Saxena. Biometric Fingerprinting and Face Recognition based Security System. International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog Signals. 2020; 6(1): 1–6p.
A 10-bit Pipeline ADC with Background Calibration and Digital Correction
ABSTRACT Analog-to-digital converter play a vital role in communication systems and signal processing. This paper describes 10-bit pipeline analog to digital convertor with background calibration and digital correction. The proposed ADC achieves low power, high resolution and high-speed operation due to efficient design of a low power high performance operational amplifier for the pipeline stages. Keywords: Pipeline ADC, 10-bit, low power, pipeline, op-amps Cite this Article: S. I. Bakhtar, S. S. Dalu. A 10-bit Pipeline ADC with Background Calibration and Digital Correction. International Journal Digital Communication and Analog Signals. 2019; 5(2): 31–36p.
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION COMPARISON OF LMS AND NLMS ALGORITHM FOR AEC IN SPEECH PROCESSING
ABSTRACT An acoustic echo cancellation is a technique used to decrease the acoustic noise in corrupted speech signal. Adaptive filter is using to cancel the acoustic echoes. For better conversation in telecommunication application to achieve the control of acoustic echoes is important and for the proposed acoustic canceller echo algorithm is used to reduce unwanted noise. There is a requirement for more than thousands taps in acoustic echo path so this problem can be reduced by using different types of adaptive filtering technique namely, LMS and NLMS in MATLAB are executed. Based on convergence rates ERLE and computational complexity, the adaptive filtering algorithms like LMS, NLMS is used to cancel acoustic echo. Simulation results show that LMS algorithm has reduced convergence rate and least in complexity. The requirement of this algorithm uses an algorithm that has improved convergence rate and maintaining computational complexity, for this proposes NLMS algorithm is used, the limitation of this algorithm is very high computational complexity. Keywords: Adaptive filter, LMS, NLMS, convergence rate, MSE and ERLE. Cite this Article: Shivangi Gupta, Madhav Singh, Ranbeer Tyagi. Performance Evaluation Comparison of LMS and NLMS Algorithm for AEC in Speech Processing. International Journal Digital Communication and Analog Signals. 2019; 5(2): 9–19p.
Survey & Analysis of Solar Photovoltaic Power System
ABSTRACT Solar oriented power, beyond question, is the cleanest vitality on the planet & is being utilized as a sustainable power source since years prior. Private that utilizations solar oriented power their elective power source will carry benefits toward them. the principal objective of this venture is toward overview & build up the nearby planetary group. framework tracks highest power of light. At point once authority of light is retreating, this structure MPPT attempts higher yield. This application creates power just radiant days. At long last, the undertaking can create electrical units & the Solar force to get most extreme power. Keywords: Boost converter, CHB, hybrid topologies, Inverters, MPPT, phase shift pulse width modulation, PWM, Renewable Energy, sinusoidal pulse width modulation, Solar panel, Solar power, Solar System, THD. Cite this Article: Ayush mittal. Survey & Analysis of Solar Photovoltaic Power System. International Journal Digital Communication and Analog Signals. 2019; 5(2): 37–43p.
Copyright (c) 2019 International Journals Digital Communication and Analog Signals
Simulation, Analysis, and Stability Using Matlab of Photovoltaic Solar Power System
ABSTRACT A worldwide installation of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems was observed. It is determined mostly through demand to "clean" power generation for future mixed power systems connected through large no. of power electronics converters, grid-based PV systems will be also a very active player. There have been stringent demands on the complete PV network (NW) to accomplish effective and efficient PV power generation. In return, it advances power converter technology development into PV systems. This paper hence provides an introduction of development in three-phase PV systems of power electronics converters, widely used in residential applications. This paper also discusses criteria for three-phase grid-connected PV systems also general system control policies. Keywords: Inverters, hybrid topologies, CHB, THD, phase shift pulse width modulation, PWM, sinusoidal pulse width modulation, Solar System, Renewable Energy, Solar power, Boost converter, Solar panel, MPPT. Cite this Article: Ayush mittal. Simulation, Analysis, and Stability Using Matlab of Photovoltaic Solar Power System. International Journal Digital Communication and Analog Signals. 2019; 5(2): 20–30p.
Image Processing and Restoration Through a Base Image – A Review
ABSTRACT Digital imaging systems had been widely used for many applications including customer photography, microscopy, aerial images, astronomical imaging, and many others., their output photographs/movies frequently suﬀer from spatially various blur caused by lens, transmission medium, publish processing algorithms, and digicam/item motion. Measuring the amount of blur globally and regionally is a critical problem. it can assist us in getting rid of the spatially various blur and enhancing the visual of the imaging machine outputs. it can also offer beneficial data about the scene, such as saliency and depth map. We first apply the Geometric Transformation algorithm for restoration of the blurred image. As suggested in the base paper that the geometric analysis will provide us the fine feature available in the image, we have utilized this algorithm for the purpose of image restoration. Keywords: Digital, Imaging systems, Algorithms, Visual quality, Restoration, fine feature Cite this Article: Ronit kumar Parmar, Sunil Bhatt. Image processing and restoration through a base image – A Review. International Journal Digital Communication and Analog Signals. 2019; 5(2): 1–8p.
New Data Analysis Method based on L2-Metric over Fuzzy Logic and Genetic Algorithm
ABSTRACT L2-Metric is studied over Fuzzy Logic and Genetic Algorithm for analyzing the data. The characterization of L2-metric is generalised over the fuzzy logic and genetic algorithm by isomorphism. This paper presents a new technique of data analysis by Genetic Algorithm (GA), L2 metric and Fuzzy Logic. GA is the process for generating the best variable for the next operation. The data of student’s academic performance is studied as the application of GA. Next, the cluster is generated and L2 metric is applied on this. Thus a new cluster analysis came in the existence. This is based on Euclidean Distance Metric (EDM) or Metric. The advantages of this method are efficient and simple. Finally, it requires a logical study. For this fuzzy logical based cluster analysis is illustrated in this chapter. Keywords: FL, GA, L2 Metric, EDM Cite this Article: Swati Jain, Vikas Kumar Jain, Sunil Kumar Kashyap. New Data Analysis Method based on L2-Metric over Fuzzy Logic and Genetic Algorithm. International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog Signals. 2019; 5 (1): 13–18p.
An Application of Genetic Algorithm in Data Analysis
ABSTRACT Genetic Algorithm (GA) is applied to analyze the data. This paper presents the significance of GA in data analysis. The prediction, optimization, generalisation, connectedness, compactness and boundedness are the key advantages of this application. GA based data analysis considers the generation of the homomorphic data. This data is the filtered data but useful for the further analysis contained minimum errors. Keywords: Data analysis, GA Cite this Article: Swati Jain, Vikas Kumar Jain, Sunil Kumar Kashyap. An Application of Genetic Algorithm in Data Analysis. International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog Signals. 2019; 5(1): 1–7p.
ABSTRACT Fuzzy basis is applied to develop a new network model. This network model performs compactly, efficiently and securely. The new protocol is proposed in this paper. This protocol lies with the said advantages. The formulation of the network comprises with the group theory and its generalization based on the fuzzy classification. The fuzzy basis follows the subgroup properties over the divisibility theory. The proposed model achieves the said goals with optimal network. Keywords: Fuzzy Basis, Network. Cite this Article: AmitaTelang, Sunil Kumar Kashyap. Fuzzy Basis based Network Model. International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog Signals. 2019; 5 (1): 8–12p.
Closed Loop Response of Higher Order DC-DC Converter
ABSTRACT Converter circuits which are used in power electronic systems for changing the dc voltage from one level to the other. Switching devices are utilized for processing energy from input to output. They have come across many types, some of them are employed for increasing the output voltage and some are utilized for decreasing the output voltage and some of them are applied for performing both the operations within the single converter .The first and the foremost converter that has been originated was linear voltage converters. They achieve dc conversion process by dissipating heat which leads to power loss in the resistors, which is equal to the product of the load current and the voltage drop across the resistors. Generally, these circuits include resistive divider networks. Keywords: Closed loop, DC, Switching devices, voltage, converter Cite this Article: Kumar Saurabh, Ashish Kumar Singhal. Closed Loop Response of Higher Order DC-DC Converter. International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog Signals. 2019; 5 (1): 24–28p.
Controller for Higher Order DC-DC Converter
ABSTRACT Conventional boost converter is having two energy storage elements (one capacitor and one inductor). So, it is usually called as second order boost converter. It operates under two modes. In the first switch is on and the diode is off due to which inductor current rises linearly. The rate of inductor current will be in the ratio of input voltage to the inductance. Diode blocks the capacitor from being discharging through the switch. In the second mode, diode conducts, and switch turns off and now rate of inductor current decreases in the linear fashion. The energy stored in the inductor is proportional to the square of the current. Input voltage and the inductor voltage gets added and obtained at the output voltage thus necessitates more voltage at the output. Keywords: DC, converter, controller, capacitor, diode Cite this Article: Kumar Saurabh, Ashish Kumar Singhal. Controller for Higher Order Dc-Dc Converter. International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog Signals. 2019; 5 (1): 19–23p.
Short Review on the Electronic Properties of High Electron Mobility Transistors for the Applications in Digital Communication
In this review work, author has briefly reviewed on the relevant electronic properties to control the electrical properties of high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs). The electrical characteristics are reviewed corresponding to the microelectronic and Nanoelectronic HEMTs from the miniaturization point of view. Also, the effects of aluminium mole fraction, doping concentration and nano-layer thickness to control the drain current are reviewed. This work may be helpful to fabricate the electronic networks in digital communication using HEMTs. Keywords: Mole fraction, Doping concentration, Microelectronic, Nanoelectronic, HEMT
Efficient Energy Management in Wireless Sensor Network
This paper studies the impact of node heterogeneity of wireless sensor networks that are hierarchically clustered in terms of energy. Some nodes, in this network become cluster head and aggregate the data of fellow clusters and then transmit it to the sink. It is expected that a level of the number of inhabitants in sensor hubs is outfitted with extra vitality assets this is a wellspring of heterogeneity which may result from the underlying setting or as the activity of the system advances. As compared to the traditional leach process, the efficiency is improved in LEACH MAC protocols when applied to heterogeneous networks. Keywords: Wireless sensor network; Energy awareness; application type; scalability; protocol complexity
A Review: The Architectural Analysis of the Wireless Sensor Network
A wireless sensor network is a collection of numeral sensors nodes & at least one base station. The sensor node is an independent tiny device that comprises of predominantly four units that are sensing, processing, communication & power supply. A comprehensive explanation regarding the WSN is given in this paper. In the beginning an architectural overview of a wireless sensor node, protocol stack, communication protocol architecture. Keywords: Wireless sensor network (WSN), WSN Communication Protocol Architecture, Influencing Factors, Deployment Model
A Review of Video Compression Technique of an Efficient Rate-Distortion
The digital video compression technology has been gaining popularity for many years. Today, when people enjoy HDTV (high-definition television), movie broadcasting through the Internet, or the digital music, such as MP3, the convenience that the digital video industry brings to us cannot be forgotten. All of these should attribute to the advances in compression technology, enhancement on mass storage media, or streaming video/audio services. Most rate-distortion optimized division way of video writing involve associate in nursing thorough search method to see the optimal quantal remodel coefficients of a writing block and square measure computationally more costlier than the conventional quantization. In this study, we present a novel analytical method that directly solves the rate-distortion optimization problem in a closed form by employing a rate model for entropy coding. It has the appealing property of low quality and is simple to implement. Keywords: Global, local peak signal-to-noise ratio, PSNR, rate-distortion approach, SSIM, video decoding
Wireless Network Model: From Analog to Digital
The directions to propose new frontiers in Wireless Network (WN) are designed in this paper. The methodologies are discussed by its scientific development. The flow to research on wireless security and efficiency are presented in this paper. The performance analysis is referred as the practical WN protocol. The high data rate has been increasing since the initiation of WN. The nodes, wireless and channels are the key terms over the efficiency of WN. Thus, the study presents the new idea on efficiency of WN. These are not only relevant in current world of electronics but for the future application also. Keywords: Wireless Network, Nodes, Channel.
Application of MATLAB Simulation Processes on Transfer Functions and Model Equations for Pneumatic Force-Balance Transmitter
An investigation was conducted to examine the application of MATLAB simulation processes on transfer functions and model equations for pneumatic force-balance transmitter. A mathematical model was developed to demonstrate the relationship between time and pressure as well as displacement in proportional, derivative and integral controllers. The results obtained revealed increase in times as well as increase in displacement for proportional controller, proportional integral controller and proportional derivative controller. MATLAB 2013 software was used in monitoring, predicting and simulating the characteristics of the system. The research work demonstrates the useful of MATLAB 2013 software on evaluating the functional parameters that control transfer functions and model equations for the pneumatic force-balance transmission process.
PAPR Reduction in OFDM Using DCT Precoded SLM Technique
Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a particular form of multi-carrier modulation. OFDM is a combination of modulation and multiplexing which is robust against the multipath effect, intersymbol interference and high spectral efficiency. However, peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) is a major drawback in the system since this leads to the distortion problem in the linear devices such as the power amplifier (PA). Thus, the PAs require a back-off which is almost equal to the PAPR for distortion-less transmission. Due to this, amplifier efficiency decreases. Hence, the main focus of this paper is to reduce the PAPR. One of the available PAPR solutions is selective mapping technique (SLM). In this technique, the efficiency does not depend on the number of carriers. This paper investigates the effectiveness of the SLM technique by focusing on the performance of PAPR with the DCT precoded SLM technique.
Optimal Structure Topology for 11-Level Multilevel Inverter
Unlike inverter, multilevel inverter (MLI) is an inverter which works on high power or voltage. It provides a staircase waveform with lower total harmonic distortion. Working on high-power, high-voltage application, they have become more popular. There are some drawbacks also in MLI that it requires a large number of power devices and composite controllability. This paper presents a noble MLI topology using two types of switches, bidirectional and unidirectional. Bidirectional switch is used to reduce reverse voltage across the switch as used in 11-level MLI.
BER Analysis of Digital Modulation Schemes for OFDM System
The growth in the field of communication and the requirement of high-speed and secured data transmission are increasing day by day. Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing modulation technique is a new technique which supports high-speed data transmission. It is a method of signal modulation that divides a high data rate modulating stream into several slowly modulated narrowband close-spaced subcarriers, and in this way, it is less sensitive to frequency-selective fading. The present paper analyses bit error rate of different digital modulation techniques with the help of MATLAB, i.e. amplitude-shift keying, quadrature phase-shift keying, binary phase-shift keying, differential phase-shift keying in two different channels, i.e. additive white Gaussian noise channel and Rayleigh channel. The simulated results are shown. From the analysis of modulation techniques, the system might use more appropriate modulation techniques to ensemble the channel quality and thus can deliver the optimum and efficient system parameters.
Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) Coded MIMO-Constant Envelop Modulation System With IF Sampled 1-Bit ADC
MIMO-constant envelop modulation (CEM) is a very power and complexity efficient system, which is introduced as alternative candidate to the currently used MIMO-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). CEM system enables to use high efficient nonlinear power amplifier on the transmitter side and 1 bit (low resolution) analog to digital converter (ADC) on the receiver side. Due to adopting the low resolution at the receiver side a great reduction in hardware complexity and power consumption can be achieved. However, there will be a noticeable degradation on the performance of bit error rate (BER) on the receiver side due to sever quantization error introduced by the low-resolution ADC, so a forward error correction coding is essential to enhance the BER. In this paper a LDPC coded MIMO-CEM system was used as a replacement for MIMO-OFDM to deal with the BER degradation problem of the CEM system. The performance of the LDPC coded MIMO-CEM with Gaussian Minimum Phase Shift Keying (GMSK) modulation is evaluated over a multi-path Rayleigh fading channel. It showed that LDPC codes are effective to improve the BER performance of CEM on Rayleigh fading channels. According to the simulation results, the MIMO-CEM system provides a significant improvement in BER performance and outperforms the un-coded and the original convolutional coder based CEM systems.
Fuzzy Logic for Temperature Control Process
A closed loop control system incorporating fuzzy logic has been established for a temperature control process. A unique fuzzy logic controller structure with an efficient realization and a small rule base that can be easily implemented in temperature control process. MATLAB simulations are supported out and response is attained for fuzzy logic.
A Public Key Cryptosystem Based on Discrete Logarithm Problem
In this paper, we formulate another discrete logarithm problem (ADLP) and designed a new public key cryptosystem (PKC). We also proved, this ADLP involves some old DLPs (ODLP) but the complexity of our proposed DLP is different from the ODLP. Thus, the security is better as compare to the ODLP based PKCs. Mathematics Subject Classification NO.: 94A60.
Network by neural is the continuous process in the modern electronic world. This paper deals with the discrete presentation of neural network. The variables of neural networks are distributed discretely, and its probabilistic study is demonstrated as the advantage of the system of neural networking.
Design of Very Low Losses and Low VSWR Strip Antenna for Wireless Communication
The patch antenna is now compact size, good profit and great quality. Antenna is rectangular microstrip patch antenna (RMPA), the basic property of the signal design, return Lawson, directivity, VSWR, and the VSWR antenna has been discussed, but this paper of antenna is very high in bandwidth, Wireless communication requires very compact antenna, This paper presents compact c-band antenna design for communication on 4GHz, radiation patterns and bandwidth, VSWR is discussed. Work shows that whenever we increase the width of the cut from 14 to 16 mm, its VSWR decreases continuously and reaches approximately 1.00 and the reduction in the 16-mm cut-width antenna will decrease by 100.972% which is a huge achievement in the microstrip patch antenna for Wireless communication.
Design of Microstrip Rectangular Antenna Array with Low Power RF to DC Generator for Energy Harvesting Application
This paper corresponds to the design of 2x2 microstrip patch array with an efficient design of voltage doubler with matching circuit using 1N4148 diode for RF energy harvesting application. This design of Microstrip rectangular antenna array and single stage voltage doubler is used for scavenging of RF energy and convert it to suitable DC voltage. The simulated result shows that the designed antenna array is resonating over multiple frequencies of GSM band covering 900 MHz and 1900MHz and produces the output voltage of 0.445 V and at load we have used an LED.
Wheat Grain Quality Analysis Using Image Processing
Rice and Wheat are two major staple cereals used globally. In India too, both of these crops are cultivated and consumed in large quantities. In this article, we are demonstrating an image processing approach to segregate bad quality wheat seed grains from the good quality. Wheat is not only the source of carbohydrate, but it also contains protein in ample amounts. The protein content in wheat is higher than that of other major cereals like maize and rice. In terms of total production tonnages used for food, India ranks second in wheat production. Determining the quality of wheat is critical. Specifying quality of wheat manually requires an expert judgment and is time consuming. Sometimes the variety of wheat looks so similar that differentiating them by bare eyes becomes a tedious task. To overcome this problem, image processing comes for rescue and be used to classify wheat according to its quality. The seed quality identification is very important in agriculture. Before boring the seed in farm, it must be viewed properly and then sowed. In the current scenario, the farmers are taking more efforts in their farm and also spending more time and money. But inspite of their hard work they do not get proper profit. So, the technology finds the solution based on image processing. There are certain limitations to human eye to observe the seed. So, the electronic world helps us to separate the faulty seeds from quality seeds. The image processing algorithm is implemented using Matlab. The proposed technique is defined with the assistance of the computerized image processing mechanism on MATLAB.
GESTURE Controlled Robot using ARDUINO PRO MINI , MATLAB , IP Webcam
This system is designed to for the handicapped person to control things in industries so they can get a similar platform i.e. even better than normal person. The gesture control robot observes the gesture of the user and perform a task as per given instruction in Arduino board. A camera on robot captures the gesture and send it to the laptop where MATLAB image processing takes place and afterwards the processing MATLAB sends the command to the robot to perform a specific task as per defined by the user. Our project can give all the facilities to a disabled person so that they don’t feel themselves as a handicapped. In industries works are done by controllers which requires a regular person but our this project helps a disable person to do the work with same efficiency as a regular person can do.
FIBER BRAGG GRATING- For optimal performance in optical systems
In this paper FSO link is analyzed for 650nm wavelength operation. Simulation results provide maximal link range of around 2540 meters using visible light red spectrum. The bit rate obtained for optimized link is 10Gbps. The performance of proposed link can also be improved for sustainability of communication channel in various weather conditions and is evaluated on the basic of parameter like BER, Q factor and eye diagram. For θdiv 0.2mrad the achieved values of quality factor (Q) is 13.05, bit error rate (BER) is3.03*〖10〗^(-39) . The paper also discusses simulation study of comparison of NRZ modulation and RZ modulation for the proposed FSO link.
2D Interpolation technique for Channel Estimation in OFDM Systems
The use of interpolation technique with low estimation error is imperative for estimating the channel impulse response at data subcarriers for pilot assisted channel estimation techniques in the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) systems. In this paper, a novel interpolation technique based on 2 d interpolation is presented. The proposed interpolation technique is based on minimizing the interpolation error and channel noise inherent in Least Square (LS) estimation. A comparative analysis of the proposed interpolation with conventional two dimensional interpolation techniques shows its performance improvement which is very good for the system.
STEGANALYSIS OF LSB INSERTION METHOD IN UNCOMMPRESSED IMAGES USING MATLAB
In this paper we have explained steganalytic tool to detect presence of the hidden message in LSB steganography. It is the process of hiding secret information in cover image. Here we have used the LSB insertion method using discrete algorithms. Steganographic programs use Least Significant Bit (LSB) embedding as method of choice for message hiding 24-bit, 8-bit color images and grayscale images. It is commonly understood that changes to LSB of color cannot be detected due to the noise that is always presents in digital images. In this paper, we describe new very accurate and reliable method that can detect LSB. Embedding in the randomly scattered pixels in both 24-bit color images and 8- bit grayscale or color images.
A BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO HOLOGRAPHIC MEMORY
Since the leap of civilization from stone age to now that being the industrial and pro digital age mankind has made leaps and bounds of progress in various domains of science and technology. Light has been the backbone for various devices enabling data reading and storage for more than two and a half decades. It all started with the introduction of C.D which could store about 700 MB of data and operated at moderate speeds and with technological upgradation came the DVD which could store about 17 GB of data and could operate at higher speeds around 10 Mbps and in the same category came Blu-ray Discs in 2006 with enhanced storage and speeds around 54 GB and 36 Mbps respectively But with the future requirements of greater speed and storage capacities a greater and easier look ahead is required. The plausible technology in this frame which utilizes 3d layers instead of the conventional 2d technology is Holographic Data Storage.
RESEARCH AND IMPLEMENTATION OF QAM SIGNAL USING TEXAS INSTRUMENTS (TMS320C6713)
During the last two decades the growth of digital communication and modulation techniques are widely considered in real time application in order to transfer reliable information with high data rate. Since digital modulation is resistible to noise people show interest in adopting it. Though there is various modulation techniques QAM is one of the most commonly used modulation. The QAM has higher efficiency power which results its application in mobile communication. QAM is the combination of both amplitude and phase modulation. The original 16-bit of data is modulated and sent through a channel. The noise was included and retrieved the original data through demodulation. As there is increment in mobile and telephone users, the bandwidth requirement for each user is mutually greater. Due to this there is spectral congestion caused and drastic development has been taken in the field of mobile communications. QAM multilevel modulation can offer an interesting solution to current bandwidth restriction in microcellular networks. The conventional method of QAM synthesis is analog. In this paper an attempt has been taken for the experimental synthesis of 16-Bit QAM by using principle of Direct Digital Synthesis (DDS) with the help of the Digital Signal Processor (DSP) TMS320C6713. The composite QAM signal has been generated by writing a program in the C language source file of Code Composer Studio (CCStudio) Integrated Development Environment (IDE). Exploratory results for 16-bit QAM modulating sequence are included.
Particle Swarm Optimization to enhance Low Resolution Images
In digital image processing enhancement of low resolution images is always a priority field. Construction of high resolution image from low resolution images by using discrete wavelet transform (DWT) to decompose the input low resolution image into several sub band images. The resolution of surveillance video frames can be improved by interpolation between pixels to generate a moderate enhancement. A hybrid novel method is used to enhance low resolution images of different categories. It basically merges the frequency domain and nature inspired optimization algorithm to produce optimum results Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is used to generate a better high resolution image
A Review Paper on OFDM: Basic Concept & Application
The main objective of this paper, is to review the work already done associated with channel estimation technique in Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) effectively mitigates the problem of inter symbol interference (ISI) caused by the delay unfold of wireless channels. Therefore, it has been utilized in many wireless systems and adopted by numerous standards. Throughout this paper, we have presented a comprehensive survey on OFDM for wireless communications and their modulations techniques to boost the performance of OFDM for communications, as well as channel estimation and detection, time and frequency-offset estimation and correction, peak-to-average power magnitude quantitative relation reduction, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) techniques and applications of OFDM
Review – An approach to steganography technique
Steganography is the technique that provides the base for secure communication. It is the art of hiding information in some other means of false medium for making a possible secure communication. The information to be hidden can be of any form such as text, image and video etc. and so the cover medium. Unlike cryptography, in steganography after the data is successfully hidden it is not even visible to the eavesdropper or the intruder which makes this technique safer and secure to follow. This review includes all about the major steganography techniques in spatial and transformational domain keeping the main focus on image steganography.
Android Marshmallow: An Upgraded Way to Explore Smartphone
Whenever a user wants to explore anything, an operating system provides him with the results based on the things he needs to manage in a smartphone. So, there are various operating systems which can manage and gives the user a platform to run all the software’s and per the hardware requirements needed. Android marshmallow is one such OS. It is an upgraded way to manage your smartphones in a bit more ease with latest software’s and applications in it. Keywords: android, DOZE, operating system
Impact Analysis of Big Data Prediction and Big Data Analysis in Distributed Environment
This paper primarily focuses on “Data Prediction and Data Analysis in Distributed Environment”. Initially introduction regarding Data Prediction, Data Analysis and Distributed Environment has been discussed. Afterwards, we have accumulated case studies which prove the necessity of the concerned topic. Later, in this paper various parameters are marked down which prove to be great assets. The concern of growing data and the importance of its prediction and analysis motivated this paper which lists the parameters and to bolster the online expectation of application behavior in order to optimize data access operations on distributed systems. In today’s scenario, these parameters have become a necessity for everyone. Keywords: data analysis, data prediction, distributed environment, distributed systems
A Technical Review on Comparison of Speech Enhancement Algorithms
The use of mobile speech communication devices has increased by manifold. Mobile communication technology is providing us the mobility and exhibility to communicate irrespective of place and time. The result is that the mobile voice communication systems are often used in high acoustic background noise environment. In such circumstances speech communication suffers from lack of pleasantness and/ intelligibility. To make voice communication intelligible and pleasant in such noisy environments, we investigate new methods of enhancing background noise corrupted speech signal in this report. We consider that the noisy speech signal is recorded using a close talking microphone (like the case of a mobile phone). Various SE methods have been proposed over the last two decades differing in statistical model used for the clean speech signal. The existing SE methods do not exploit the dependency of among the transform domain coefficients. They enhance each coefficient independent of the others. We compare the SE performances of the developed SE methods with that of the state-of-art SE algorithms. Keywords: noisy speech, reverberant speech, speech enhancement, spectral processing, temporal processing
Unified communication will be very helpful in daily life for different puposes. It may be used in different ways for communication. It can be excellent technical service for business. It will be necessary to prepare an organization for success. Keywords: augmentation, deployment, interoperability, real time communication, transactional applications
Synchronized and Asynchronized Comparative Analysis Channel-Hopping-Based Communication Rendezvous In Cognitive Radio Networks
Rendezvous is an essential operation for a cognitive users to establish communication links in cognitive radio networks (CRNs). To ensure the rendezvous in limited time, every single existing rendezvous algorithms create CH (channel-hoping) successions utilizing the entire channel set and endeavor meet on each of the channels (i.e., both accessible channels and unavailable channels). We will present ETCH, productive channel-hopping-based communication rendezvous protocols for CR systems. ETCH protocols incorporate SYNC-ETCH and ASYNC-ETCH. SYNC-ETCH, which expect worldwide clock synchronization, effectively use all the rendezvous in building up control channels constantly. ASYNC-ETCH have the capacity to make a couple of nodes rendezvous without being synchronized. Utilizing a mix of hypothetical investigation and simulations, we will demonstrate that correlation in the middle of SYNC and ASYNC for communication rendezvous in CR networks Keywords: Channel hopping, endezvous, random access protocol
A Novel Energy-Efficient Min–Max Optimization (NEMO) With RSA Security in Wireless Sensor Networks
A novel energy-efficient min–max optimization (NEMO) is proposed to improve the data delivery performance and provide security in WSN. The NEMO scheme is applied in the virtual grid environment to periodically collect the data from source node to the mobile sink through the cell headers. Here the movement of sink is in controlled fashion and collects the data from the border line cell headers. For efficient data delivery fruit fly optimization (FFO) algorithm is applied here to find the best path by using the fitness value calculated between the nodes based on the distance. The optimal path is chosen by first calculating the minimum hop count paths and then finds the maximum of total fitness value along those paths. In that way best path is selected by considering the shortest path which improves the data delivery performance and also it minimizes the energy consumption. The proposed scheme enables the sensor nodes to maintain the optimal path towards the latest location of mobile sink by using the FFO algorithm which leads to maximize the network lifetime in wireless sensor networks. RSA digital signature is used to provide the security between the intermediate nodes during the data delivery. The source node generates the keys and broadcast it to all other nodes in the network. Source node signs the data using its private key and the intermediate nodes verifies the data using the source’s public key which is already broadcasted by the source node. If the data is valid then it forwards to the next intermediate nodes and till the sink node gets the data, forwarding takes place. Else the data packets are dropped and inform that node as misbehaving node and the source chooses the next best path without having that misbehaving node in the path. Keywords: data delivery, energy, FFO, fitness value, intermediate nodes
DC Voltage Regulation of UPFC Using Artificial Neural Network Controller
A feed forward Artificial Neural Network (ANN) with back propagation control is proposed to remove the peak over shoot of the DC capacitor voltage used in Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC). Proposed ANN controller is tested for the UPFC with wind energy conversion system connected to grid using MATLAB/SIMULINK and the results are compared with the PI controller. From the results, it is clear that ANN controller helps to regulate the voltage fluctuations of the DC capacitor used in UPFC and reduces the settling time of the voltage at the Point of Common Coupling (PCC) after sag and swell. Keywords: artificial neural network, FACTS, unified power flow controller, PI controller, DC link voltage
A Review on Fourth Generation Technology
The always expanding development of client demand, the generation of wireless mobile communication systems and the rise of new mobile broadband innovations available have conveyed analysts and commercial enterprises to an exhaustive reflection on the fourth generation (4G). A practical meaning of 4G got from another client driven procedure that considers the client as the “foundation” of the outline. Along these lines, the principal client situations that certainly uncover the key elements of 4G, which are then communicated unequivocally in another structure—the “user-centric” system that depicts the different level of interdependency among them. This methodology subsequently adds to the ID of the genuine specialized stride up of 4G concerning third generation (3G). It should furnish its clients with better speed and all IP based multimedia services. 4G is about an incorporated, worldwide system that will have the capacity to give an exhaustive IP arrangement where voice, information and spilled interactive media can be given to clients on an “At whatever time, anywhere” concept. Keywords: fourth generation, mobile broadband innovations, wireless mobile communication systems
Risk Assessment of Flood for Various Spatial and Temporal Mining Scales Using Flood Vulnerability Index [FVI] – A Case Study of Madhubani Kosi River Flood Affected District in North Bihar, India
Several countries experience fatalities, injuries, property damage, economic and social disruption resulting from natural disasters. The natural hazards kill thousands of people and destroy billions of dollars’ worth habitat and property each year. The rapid growth of the world’s population has escalated both the frequency and severity of the natural disasters. Flood disaster has a special place in natural hazards. Floods are the costliest types of natural hazards in the world and constitute 31% of the economic losses resulting from natural catastrophes.[1]
Spectral Analysis of Heart Rate Variability Signals using Stockwell-Transform
This paper introduces the use of Stockwell transform (ST) for spectral analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) signals in time-frequency domain. The ST is depicted numerically and compared with well-liked method of wavelet transform known as continuous Morlet wavelet transform (CMWT). The results of this study show that the normalized mean power and total normalized power in VLF (0.004–0.04 Hz), LF (0.04–0.15 Hz) and HF (0.15–0.4 Hz) were improved compared to CMWT for statistical significance value of p=0.00016 and P<0.00001. For this analysis, electrocardiogram (ECG) was recorded in fifteen normal subjects (mean age approximate 28, range 23–34 years and mean height approximate 162 cm) in supine position for twenty minutes. Keywords: Stockwell transform, scalogram, normalized mean power, ectopic beat, trend
Sanskrit e-learning is a development we are scheduling to implement. We are trying to tune our training program with latest academic trends in India and rest of the word. In this article we are discussing issues involved in traditional learning, present classroom learning and e-learning. The objective is to show Sanskrit in e-learning environment. As customary preparing of Sanskrit have two sections. One section is similar to classroom showing and this can be reproduced to expansive degree utilizing e-learning innovation and the other part is recitation, i.e., taking in articulation from master for emphasized Vedic writings which can be accomplished to some degree utilizing m-Learning (mobile learning). Keywords: m-learning, e-learning, transliteration
A LITERATURE REVIEW OF INTELLIGENCE INTRUSION DETECTION PREVENTION TECHNIQUES FOR UNKNOWN MALWARE FINDING
Intrusion detection system (IDS) has played a vital role as a device to guard our networks from unknown malware attacks. However, since it still suffers from detecting an unknown attack, the ultimate challenge in intrusion detection field is how we can precisely identify such an attack. For identifying known malware various tools are available but that does not detect Unknown malware exactly. It will vary according to connectivity and using tools and finding strategies what they used. Anyhow like known Malware few of unknown malware listed according to their abnormal activities and changes in the system. This paper will analyze the various unknown malware activities while networking, internet or remote connection.
A Novel Design of Multiple Band H – Shape Slot Antenna For Radar Communication
A compact multiple band patch feed H–shape slot antenna for RADAR application is designed and presented in this paper. The proposed H - shaped slot antenna is built on a FR4 substrate with a length of 32.248 mm and dielectric constant of 4.4, thickness of 3.432 mm, width of 36.51 mm and loss tangent of 0.018. The proposed antenna is designed over a frequency range of 1.0 to 8.0 GHz. The antenna is designed and simulated using IE3D software, which helps to obtain the analysis of antenna parameters such as efficiency, VSWR, directivity, radiation pattern (2D & 3D), return loss, gain and relation between them. Keywords: Feed, VSWR, Radiation Pattern, RADAR, IE3D, Slot Antenna, Return Loss
The information technology affects the people, the process and the productivity of the organization. It’s a strategic business decision and not a financial decision to be taken the least cost approach. Information Technology acts as a vehicle, to handle the management education. The information technology decision is also influenced by student’s factors. The choice of information technology is made on the basis of the ability of the students in the mgt. Studies to run the hardware–software system. The study culture and the student culture become the critical decision inputs for information technology decision. The information technology decision is made for the current needs as well as for futuristic needs of the organization. Information technology as a recent manpower – intensive technology promises to address the exclusive employment problem with tremendous job opportunities and current prospects. Rapid studies in the technology and fast obsolescence pose formidable challenges to technology education. Fortunately e-learning such an innovation combining various advancements in technology to built next generation learning environment. Here birds view of e-learning focuses in two ways 1. Students studying. 2. Teachers training. In higher education, there is no provision for prerequisite training and practice of teaching. Training process was devised by keeping the following points in mind. 1. Programme should be short but intensive. 2. Training should be done in reclusive situation where an atmosphere of immersion in the subject matter should be created. 3. Course projects should preferably contain elements of the problems encountered by the participants in their daily activities. 4. Experts who are more touch with computers are consisted for training. 5. The concept of professional trained by the same programme and retained to create a center for brokering of information and expertise the rest. Keywords: Information Technology, Hardware–Software System, Students Studying, Teachers Training, Business Decision
Text Data Hiding and Extraction of Image using Discrete Wavelet Transform
Now a day with the wide use of multimedia is increasing to a large extent, the visual information that contains the high quality and low complexity digital images plays a very vital role in daily life applications such as satellite television, magnetic resonance imaging, computer tomography, geographical information systems and astronomy and many other areas. Main purpose of this paper is to investigate or develop new concepts to design digital image security system with good capacity and minimum a limited distortion in image quality. We investigate to develop the system that can accept all kinds of images that is grayscale images with the minimum complexity and highest PSNR (Peak Signal to Noise Ratio) value. Key Indices: Multimedia, Digital Images, Digital Image Security, Steganography, Grayscale Images, PSNR.
A Genetic Algorithm for Optimization of MSE & Ripples in Linear Phase Low Pass FIR Filter & Also Compare with Cosine Window Techniques
Cosine Window Techniques such as Hamming, Hanning etc. are used to simply design the Finite Impulse Response (FIR) digital Filters. Window function is a scientific function which works on Mathematics by calculating the impulse response of best digital filters. Windowing function is mainly conciliation between the reduction of ripples and Mean Square Error (MSE). But in the proposed research work; Genetic Algorithm (GA) reduces more MSE as well as ripples as compare to Hamming & Hanning window. Bouncing of ripples is known as Gibbs Phenomenon. GA is a Computational search Algorithm which is basically works on the natural selection of genes, chromosomes, crossover and mutation. The proposed paper contains the optimized coefficients, magnitude response, phase response, pole zero map & impulse response of symmetric linear phase low pass FIR Filter. Index Terms– FIR filter, Mean Square Error (MSE), Hamming, Hanning window, Genetic Algorithm (GA)
Logarithmic Companding using Firefly Algorithm for PAPR Reduction in OFDM System
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is a digital transmission method developed to meet the increasing demand for higher data rates in communications which can be used in both wired and wireless environments. However OFDM is handicapped with a major problem of high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), which gives rise to non-linear distortion, inter-symbol interference and out-of-band radiation. Several PAPR reduction techniques have been devised over the last few decades in order to surpass this problem of PAPR. In this paper we have analysed the effectiveness of Logarithmic Companding technique which is optimized using Firefly algorithm for PAPR reduction and the simulation results are compared with other techniques proposed in literature. Keywords: A-law, CCDF, Companding, Firefly algorithm, OFDM, PAPR, SLM.