Impact of EV Charging on Grid Voltage and Effect of Vehicle to Grid (V2G) On Grid Power

Abstract

Recently in many countries, significant amount of electrical power is consuming by electric vehicles (EV). It is one of the most emerging technologies in modern era. Many development countries have already set their goal to zero emission and replacement of fossil fuel vehicles by EVs. There are so many research works have done to improve the EV technology and still many research works are going to upgrade the technology. The updating battery technology has improved the power efficiency, mileage and speed of the EV. Zero emission, clean technology, higher efficiency than gasoline powered vehicles and low cost of electricity compare to fossil fuels (as many renewable sources are available to produce electricity) are some advantages of EV to gasoline powered vehicles. But besides those advantages of electric vehicles there are some bad impacts of EV charging on electric grid. Analyzes of those bad impacts of EV charging on distribution grid are highly importance for the development of electric vehicles. To analyze the EV charging impacts on grid voltage and to see the effect of vehicle to grid (V2G) system on grid power, a very simplified EV charging model is used in this paper which is designed by MATLAB/Simulink. In this paper grid voltage and power were analyzed and measured to see the effect of EV charging. Vehicle to grid (V2G) technology is also used to analyze the grid power during V2G on and off and the differences between these two conditions were measured from the simulation and the results were compared.

Keywords: Electric vehicles charging station, lithium-ion battery, deviation of grid voltage, vehicles to grid (V2G), MATLAB/Simulink model, improvement grid power due to V2G